Catatan:
I. The builder, who erects very fine houses, will make a large profit.
II. The builder who erects very fine houses will make a large profit.
Dua kalimat ini sangat berbeda, tapi dalam bahasa Arab HANYA ada versi nomor II.
A. Alladzii (اَلَّذِيْ) = That
Dipakai untuk manusia maupun selain manusia.
Ada beberapa macam alladzii, sesuai jenis kelamin, jumlah, dan i'robnya.
- Alladzii (اَلَّذِيْ) = mufrod mu-dzakkar
- Allatii (اَلَّتِيْ) = mufrod mu-annats
- Alladzaani (اللَّذَانِ) / Alladaini (اللَّذَيْنِ) = mu-tsanna mu-dzakkar
- Allataani (اللَّتَانِ) / Allataini (اللَّتَيْنِ) = mu-tsanna mu-annats
- Alladziina (اَلَّذِيْنَ) = Al-ulaa (الأُلَىْ) = jama' mu-dzakkar
- Allaatii (اللاَّتِيْ) = Allaa-ii (اللاَّئِيْ) = Al-lawaatii (اللَّوَاتِيْ) = jama' mu-annats
Contoh pemakaian alladzii:
- Haa-dzal kitaabul ladzii isytaroituhu (هَذَاْ الْكِتَاْبُ الَّذِيْ اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ) = This is the book that I bought him (him=it).
- Haadzaa huwal kitaabul ladzii isytaroituhu (هَذَا هُوَ الْكِتَاْبُ الَّذِيْ اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ) = This is the book that I bought it (him=it).
- Haadzaa huwal ladzii isytaroituhu (هَذَا هُوَ الَّذِيْ اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ) = This is what I bought (him).
Apa yang sedang di-relative pronoun-kan HARUS hilang. Kadang ada kata ganti subjek terpisah.
- Inggris: The richman is the one who is sufficed with what he has.
- Arab: Al ghoniyyu huwa man yaqna'u bi maa yamliku (الْغَنِيُّ هُوَ مَنْ يَقْنَعُ بِمَاْ يَمْلِكُ) = The richman is who is sufficed with what he has.
- Al ghoniyyu huwa man ro-aitu (الْغَنِيُّ هُوَ مَنْ رَأَيْتُ) = The richman is (the one) who I saw.
- Inggris: Jenny is the woman with whom he is happy.
- Arab (pakai who): Jiinii hiya man yas'adu ma'a haa (جينِيْ هِيَ مَنْ يَسْعَدُ مَعَهَا) = Jenny is whom he is happy with her.
- Arab (pakai alladzii): Jiinii hiyal mar-atul latii yas'adu ma'a haa (جينِيْ هِيَ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِيْ يَسْعَدُ مَعَهَا) = Jenny is the woman that he is happy with her.
- Inggris: Jack is the boy whose book is this.
- Arab (pakai who): Jaakun huwa man haadzaa kitaabuhu (جَاْكٌ هُوَ مَنْ كِتَابُهُ هَذَاْ) = Jack is who the book of him is this.
- Arab (pakai that): Jaakun huwash shobiyyul ladzii haadzaa kitaabuhu (جَاْكٌ هُوَ الْصَّبِيُّ الَّذِيْ هَذَاْ كِتَاْبُهُ) = Jack is the boy that this is the book of him (haadzaa dan kitaabuhu boleh dibalik posisinya)
- Arab (tanpa who/that): Jaakun huwa shoohibu haadzal kitaabi (جَاْكٌ هُوَ صَاحِبُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ) = Jack is the owner of this book.
Apa yang sedang di-relative pronoun-kan HARUS hilang. Kadang ada kata ganti subjek terpisah. Dalam bahasa Inggris tidak ada "which", karena semua benda punya jenis kelamin.
- A'rifu maa fa'alta (أَعْرِفُ مَا فَعَلْتَ) = I know what you did.
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